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[ 3b)
An Explanation
Newton's Second Law provides the explanation. The acceleration of an object depends on 2 factors:
the net force on the object.the objects mass.
Newton's Second Law says that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force on it (force doubles - acceleration double) and inversely proportional to its mass (mass doubles - acceleration halves).
For an object in free fall, the net force on it equals its weight (the pull of gravity - the force exerted on it by the Earth) and its weight is proportional to its mass. In other words, if object A has twice the mass of object B, then A also weighs twice as much as B. If A weighs twice as much as B, then the Earth pulls on A twice as hard as it pulls on B, and the net force on A during free fall is twice as much as the net force on B.
However, since A has twice the mass of B, it resists accelerating twice as much as B. These two effects - A has twice the force, but it resists twice as much - cancel each other out, and A has the same acceleration as B in free fall!
If A and B both start falling from rest, and they both have the same acceleration (g = 9.8 m/s2) then they will have equal velocities as they fall, and they will both hit the ground at the same time.
2bii) images in plane mirrors are the same size as the object and are the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front.
So: distance of image from object
2×(distance of object)
=(2×25)cm
=50cm
2bi) In regular reflection, reflected rays are parallel to one another, while in diffuse reflection, they are scattered.
In regular reflection, rays are reflected in one direction, while in diffuse reflection , rays reflect through various directions.
Regular reflection occurs on smooth and polished surfaces while diffuse reflection occurs on rough and irregular surfaces
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2bii) images in plane mirrors are the same size as the object and are the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front.
So: distance of image from object
2×(distance of object)
=(2×25)cm
=50cm
(I) Distinguish between regular and diffuse reflection
1. When all the parallel rays reflected from a plane surface are parallel, the reflection is known as *regular reflection* whereas When all the parallel rays reflected from a plane surface are not parallel, the reflection is known as *diffused or irregular reflection*
2. The Example of Regular Reflection: Reflection from a smooth surface like that of a mirror is an example of regular reflection.
The Example of Irregular Reflection: Reflection from a rough surface, like that of a cardboard, is an example of irregular reflection. It is caused by the irregularities in the reflecting surface .
3. Images are formed by *regular reflection* while Images are not formed by *irregular reflection*.
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